Advanced Reasoning

    Input-Output

    Track transformations step by step

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    Input-Output questions present a machine that transforms input through multiple steps. You must identify the transformation rules and predict outputs.

    What is Input-Output?

    A "machine" takes an input (usually a sequence of numbers and/or words) and produces outputs at each step by applying specific operations (sorting, swapping, rearranging). You must deduce the rules from examples and apply them.

    Why is it Important?

    Input-Output is a high-weightage topic in banking exams (IBPS, SBI) with 5 questions typically appearing as a set. It rewards pattern recognition and systematic thinking.

    Key Techniques

    • Compare input and Step 1 to find the first operation
    • Compare consecutive steps to identify the pattern
    • Common operations: sorting (ascending/descending), swapping positions, alternating operations
    • Track what changes and what stays the same between steps

    Common Patterns

    •Alternating sort of words and numbers
    •Position-based swapping
    •Conditional rearrangement
    •Value-based operations (e.g., add digits, then sort)

    💡 Pro Tips

    1.Write each step clearly aligned below the previous

    2.Focus on one element type at a time (numbers vs words)

    3.Check if sorting is alphabetical, numerical, or by word length

    📋 Exams Where Asked

    IBPS PO/ClerkSBI PO/ClerkRBI Grade BNABARDNIACL

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How many steps does an Input-Output problem usually have?

    Typically 4-6 steps, with the final step being completely sorted or arranged. Banking exams show 2-3 steps and ask you to find others.

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